Class Console

java.lang.Object
java.io.Console
All Implemented Interfaces:
Flushable
public sealed class Console extends Object implements Flushable
Methods to access the character-based console device, if any, associated with the current Java virtual machine.

Whether a virtual machine has a console is dependent upon the underlying platform and also upon the manner in which the virtual machine is invoked. If the virtual machine is started from an interactive command line without redirecting the standard input and output streams then its console will exist and will typically be connected to the keyboard and display from which the virtual machine was launched. If the virtual machine is started automatically, for example by a background job scheduler, then it may not have a console.

If this virtual machine has a console then it is represented by a unique instance of this class which can be obtained by invoking the System.console() method. If no console device is available then an invocation of that method will return null.

Read and write operations are synchronized to guarantee the atomic completion of critical operations; therefore invoking methods readLine(), readPassword(), format(), printf() as well as the read, format and write operations on the objects returned by reader() and writer() may block in multithreaded scenarios.

Operations that format strings are locale sensitive, using either the specified Locale, or the default format Locale to produce localized formatted strings.

Invoking close() on the objects returned by the reader() and the writer() will not close the underlying stream of those objects.

The console-read methods return null when the end of the console input stream is reached, for example by typing control-D on Unix or control-Z on Windows. Subsequent read operations will succeed if additional characters are later entered on the console's input device.

Unless otherwise specified, passing a null argument to any method in this class will cause a NullPointerException to be thrown.

Security note: If an application needs to read a password or other secure data, it should use readPassword() or readPassword(String, Object...) and manually zero the returned character array after processing to minimize the lifetime of sensitive data in memory. 

Console cons;
char[] passwd;
if ((cons = System.console()) != null &&
    (passwd = cons.readPassword("[%s]", "Password:")) != null) {
    ...
    java.util.Arrays.fill(passwd, ' ');
}
Since:
1.6

  • Method Details

    • writer

      public PrintWriter writer()
      Retrieves the unique PrintWriter object associated with this console.
      Returns:
      The printwriter associated with this console

    • reader

      public Reader reader()
      Retrieves the unique Reader object associated with this console.

      This method is intended to be used by sophisticated applications, for example, a Scanner object which utilizes the rich parsing/scanning functionality provided by the Scanner: 

          Console con = System.console();
    if (con != null) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(con.reader());
        ...
    }

      For simple applications requiring only line-oriented reading, use readLine(java.lang.String, java.lang.Object...).

      The bulk read operations read(char[]), read(char[], int, int) and read(java.nio.CharBuffer) on the returned object will not read in characters beyond the line bound for each invocation, even if the destination buffer has space for more characters. The Reader's read methods may block if a line bound has not been entered or reached on the console's input device. A line bound is considered to be any one of a line feed ('\n'), a carriage return ('\r'), a carriage return followed immediately by a linefeed, or an end of stream.

      Returns:
      The reader associated with this console

    • println

      public Console println(Object obj)
      println is a preview API of the Java platform.
      Programs can only use println when preview features are enabled.
      Preview features may be removed in a future release, or upgraded to permanent features of the Java platform.
      Writes a string representation of the specified object to this console's output stream, terminates the line using System.lineSeparator() and then flushes the console.

      The string representation of the specified object is obtained as if by calling String.valueOf(Object).

      Parameters:
      obj - An object whose string representation is to be written, may be null.
      Returns:
      This console
      Since:
      23

    • print

      public Console print(Object obj)
      print is a preview API of the Java platform.
      Programs can only use print when preview features are enabled.
      Preview features may be removed in a future release, or upgraded to permanent features of the Java platform.
      Writes a string representation of the specified object to this console's output stream and then flushes the console.

      The string representation of the specified object is obtained as if by calling String.valueOf(Object).

      Parameters:
      obj - An object whose string representation is to be written, may be null.
      Returns:
      This console
      Since:
      23

    • readln

      public String readln(String prompt)
      readln is a preview API of the Java platform.
      Programs can only use readln when preview features are enabled.
      Preview features may be removed in a future release, or upgraded to permanent features of the Java platform.
      Writes a prompt as if by calling print, then reads a single line of text from this console.
      Parameters:
      prompt - A prompt string, may be null.
      Returns:
      A string containing the line read from the console, not including any line-termination characters, or null if an end of stream has been reached without having read any characters.
      Throws:
      IOError - If an I/O error occurs.
      Since:
      23

    • format

      public Console format(String format, Object... args)
      Writes a formatted string to this console's output stream using the specified format string and arguments with the default format locale.
      Parameters:
      format - A format string as described in Format string syntax.
      args - Arguments referenced by the format specifiers in the format string. If there are more arguments than format specifiers, the extra arguments are ignored. The number of arguments is variable and may be zero. The maximum number of arguments is limited by the maximum dimension of a Java array as defined by The Java Virtual Machine Specification. The behavior on a null argument depends on the conversion.
      Returns:
      This console
      Throws:
      IllegalFormatException - If a format string contains an illegal syntax, a format specifier that is incompatible with the given arguments, insufficient arguments given the format string, or other illegal conditions. For specification of all possible formatting errors, see the Details section of the formatter class specification.

    • format

      public Console format(Locale locale, String format, Object... args)
      Writes a formatted string to this console's output stream using the specified format string and arguments with the specified locale.
      Parameters:
      locale - The locale to apply during formatting. If locale is null then no localization is applied.
      format - A format string as described in Format string syntax.
      args - Arguments referenced by the format specifiers in the format string. If there are more arguments than format specifiers, the extra arguments are ignored. The number of arguments is variable and may be zero. The maximum number of arguments is limited by the maximum dimension of a Java array as defined by The Java Virtual Machine Specification. The behavior on a null argument depends on the conversion.
      Returns:
      This console
      Throws:
      IllegalFormatException - If a format string contains an illegal syntax, a format specifier that is incompatible with the given arguments, insufficient arguments given the format string, or other illegal conditions. For specification of all possible formatting errors, see the Details section of the formatter class specification.
      Since:
      23

    • printf

      public Console printf(String format, Object... args)
      A convenience method to write a formatted string to this console's output stream using the specified format string and arguments with the default format locale.
      Implementation Requirements:
      This is the same as calling format(format, args).
      Parameters:
      format - A format string as described in Format string syntax.
      args - Arguments referenced by the format specifiers in the format string. If there are more arguments than format specifiers, the extra arguments are ignored. The number of arguments is variable and may be zero. The maximum number of arguments is limited by the maximum dimension of a Java array as defined by The Java Virtual Machine Specification. The behavior on a null argument depends on the conversion.
      Returns:
      This console
      Throws:
      IllegalFormatException - If a format string contains an illegal syntax, a format specifier that is incompatible with the given arguments, insufficient arguments given the format string, or other illegal conditions. For specification of all possible formatting errors, see the Details section of the formatter class specification.

    • printf

      public Console printf(Locale locale, String format, Object... args)
      A convenience method to write a formatted string to this console's output stream using the specified format string and arguments with the specified locale.
      Implementation Requirements:
      This is the same as calling format(locale, format, args).
      Parameters:
      locale - The locale to apply during formatting. If locale is null then no localization is applied.
      format - A format string as described in Format string syntax.
      args - Arguments referenced by the format specifiers in the format string. If there are more arguments than format specifiers, the extra arguments are ignored. The number of arguments is variable and may be zero. The maximum number of arguments is limited by the maximum dimension of a Java array as defined by The Java Virtual Machine Specification. The behavior on a null argument depends on the conversion.
      Returns:
      This console
      Throws:
      IllegalFormatException - If a format string contains an illegal syntax, a format specifier that is incompatible with the given arguments, insufficient arguments given the format string, or other illegal conditions. For specification of all possible formatting errors, see the Details section of the formatter class specification.
      Since:
      23

    • readLine

      public String readLine(String format, Object... args)
      Provides a formatted prompt using the default format locale, then reads a single line of text from the console.
      Parameters:
      format - A format string as described in Format string syntax.
      args - Arguments referenced by the format specifiers in the format string. If there are more arguments than format specifiers, the extra arguments are ignored. The number of arguments is variable and may be zero. The maximum number of arguments is limited by the maximum dimension of a Java array as defined by The Java Virtual Machine Specification. The behavior on a null argument depends on the conversion.
      Returns:
      A string containing the line read from the console, not including any line-termination characters, or null if an end of stream has been reached.
      Throws:
      IllegalFormatException - If a format string contains an illegal syntax, a format specifier that is incompatible with the given arguments, insufficient arguments given the format string, or other illegal conditions. For specification of all possible formatting errors, see the Details section of the formatter class specification.
      IOError - If an I/O error occurs.

    • readLine

      public String readLine(Locale locale, String format, Object... args)
      Provides a formatted prompt using the specified locale, then reads a single line of text from the console.
      Parameters:
      locale - The locale to apply during formatting. If locale is null then no localization is applied.
      format - A format string as described in Format string syntax.
      args - Arguments referenced by the format specifiers in the format string. If there are more arguments than format specifiers, the extra arguments are ignored. The number of arguments is variable and may be zero. The maximum number of arguments is limited by the maximum dimension of a Java array as defined by The Java Virtual Machine Specification. The behavior on a null argument depends on the conversion.
      Returns:
      A string containing the line read from the console, not including any line-termination characters, or null if an end of stream has been reached.
      Throws:
      IllegalFormatException - If a format string contains an illegal syntax, a format specifier that is incompatible with the given arguments, insufficient arguments given the format string, or other illegal conditions. For specification of all possible formatting errors, see the Details section of the formatter class specification.
      IOError - If an I/O error occurs.
      Since:
      23

    • readLine

      public String readLine()
      Reads a single line of text from the console.
      Returns:
      A string containing the line read from the console, not including any line-termination characters, or null if an end of stream has been reached.
      Throws:
      IOError - If an I/O error occurs.

    • readPassword

      public char[] readPassword(String format, Object... args)
      Provides a formatted prompt using the default format locale, then reads a password or passphrase from the console with echoing disabled.
      Parameters:
      format - A format string as described in Format string syntax for the prompt text.
      args - Arguments referenced by the format specifiers in the format string. If there are more arguments than format specifiers, the extra arguments are ignored. The number of arguments is variable and may be zero. The maximum number of arguments is limited by the maximum dimension of a Java array as defined by The Java Virtual Machine Specification. The behavior on a null argument depends on the conversion.
      Returns:
      A character array containing the password or passphrase read from the console, not including any line-termination characters, or null if an end of stream has been reached.
      Throws:
      IllegalFormatException - If a format string contains an illegal syntax, a format specifier that is incompatible with the given arguments, insufficient arguments given the format string, or other illegal conditions. For specification of all possible formatting errors, see the Details section of the formatter class specification.
      IOError - If an I/O error occurs.

    • readPassword

      public char[] readPassword(Locale locale, String format, Object... args)
      Provides a formatted prompt using the specified locale, then reads a password or passphrase from the console with echoing disabled.
      Parameters:
      locale - The locale to apply during formatting. If locale is null then no localization is applied.
      format - A format string as described in Format string syntax for the prompt text.
      args - Arguments referenced by the format specifiers in the format string. If there are more arguments than format specifiers, the extra arguments are ignored. The number of arguments is variable and may be zero. The maximum number of arguments is limited by the maximum dimension of a Java array as defined by The Java Virtual Machine Specification. The behavior on a null argument depends on the conversion.
      Returns:
      A character array containing the password or passphrase read from the console, not including any line-termination characters, or null if an end of stream has been reached.
      Throws:
      IllegalFormatException - If a format string contains an illegal syntax, a format specifier that is incompatible with the given arguments, insufficient arguments given the format string, or other illegal conditions. For specification of all possible formatting errors, see the Details section of the formatter class specification.
      IOError - If an I/O error occurs.
      Since:
      23

    • readPassword

      public char[] readPassword()
      Reads a password or passphrase from the console with echoing disabled.
      Returns:
      A character array containing the password or passphrase read from the console, not including any line-termination characters, or null if an end of stream has been reached.
      Throws:
      IOError - If an I/O error occurs.

    • flush

      public void flush()
      Flushes the console and forces any buffered output to be written immediately.
      Specified by:
      flush in interface Flushable

    • charset

      public Charset charset()
      Returns the Charset object used for the Console.

      The returned charset corresponds to the input and output source (e.g., keyboard and/or display) specified by the host environment or user. It may not necessarily be the same as the default charset returned from Charset.defaultCharset().

      Returns:
      a Charset object used for the Console
      Since:
      17

    • isTerminal

      public boolean isTerminal()
      Returns true if the Console instance is a terminal.

      This method returns true if the console device, associated with the current Java virtual machine, is a terminal, typically an interactive command line connected to a keyboard and display.

      Implementation Note:
      The default implementation returns the value equivalent to calling isatty(stdin/stdout) on POSIX platforms, or whether standard in/out file descriptors are character devices or not on Windows.
      Returns:
      true if the Console instance is a terminal
      Since:
      22